In vitro establishment of cassava from uninodal segments

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important crops in the world, due to its impact on food security, in countries such as Africa, Asia and South America, allowing the livelihood of more than 1,000 million people (FAO, 2013). One way to produce cassava planting material with excellent phytosanitary quality is through in vitro plant tissue culture. The project has as the in vitro establishment of cassava from uninodal segments, with a mixed methodological approach. The collected material comes from a thermal camera system located at the Agroindustrial Center of Meta, Hachón headquarters. The Murashige and Skoog (M&S) solution was used, adjusting the nutrient medium according to the requirements of the plant material; 30 g/L of carbon source, 1 g/L phytagel and pH 5.7 were used. Nutrient media were sterilized at 15 psi at 121°C for 15 minutes. It was identified that the best treatment for the disinfection of cassava explants is T1 with 90% effectiveness and the least efficient T2 with 20% effectiveness. The formation of cassava vitroplants was obtained, with the development of roots, stems and leaves in no more than twenty days, determining that the use of growth regulators is not necessary for the plant material to express its totipotent capacity.