Informador Técnico
ISSN: 2256-5035 (Electrónico)
ISSN: 0122-056X (Impreso)
Formato: Electrónico / Acceso Abierto
Frecuencia: Números Semestrales
Revisión por Pares: Doble Ciego
Palabras clave
polihidroxialcanoatos
PHA
Ralstonia eutropha
sacarificación
fermentación
pretratamiento
azúcares PHA
Ralstonia eutropha
saccharification
fermentation
pretreatment
sugars
polyhydroxyalkanoates
PHA
Ralstonia eutropha
sacarificación
fermentación
pretratamiento
azúcares PHA
Ralstonia eutropha
saccharification
fermentation
pretreatment
sugars
polyhydroxyalkanoates
Cómo citar
Guancha, M. A., Realpe-Delgado, M. E., & García-Celis, J. (2021). Obtención polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica: un estudio de revisión . Informador Técnico, 86(1), 111–135. https://doi.org/10.23850/22565035.3692
Resumen
Los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) son considerados polímeros biodegradables que se obtienen por fermentación microbiana, a partir de diferentes sustratos principalmente azúcares, los cuales se sintetizan de diversas fuentes naturales. Una alternativa es la obtención a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica. Por lo anterior, este documento presenta una recopilación de investigaciones relacionadas con métodos utilizados para el pretratamiento, sacarificación, su posterior conversión a PHA y el proceso final de extracción y caracterización, aplicados para su identificación. En cuanto a los métodos de pretratamiento, se encontró que el proceso hidrotermal y la aplicación de ultrasonido (US) combinado con agentes químicos ácidos o alcalinos son los más utilizados para eliminar inhibidores, principalmente lignina y sus derivados. El pretratamiento hidrotermal se presenta como un método promisorio bajo el concepto de biorrefinería, debido a que se requieren tiempos cortos de tratamiento, y a la facilidad de recuperación de subproductos. En el proceso de sacarificación se evidenció que el método enzimático con celulasa combinada, en algunos casos con β-glucosidasa, es el más reportado. En relación con el proceso fermentativo, a partir de hidrolizados de residuos lignocelulósicos como paja de arroz, trigo, kenaf entre otros, la cepa Ralstonia eutropha es la más utilizada para la síntesis de poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB). Se encontró que las variables que más influyen en el rendimiento del proceso fermentativo son la relación C/N, concentración de la fuente del sustrato (concentración de hidrolizados), la oxigenación y la presencia de inhibidores, que son subproductos formados durante el proceso de pretratamiento de la biomasa.
Citas
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