Psychosocial and Family Factors Influencing Apprentice Dropout Rates at the Guajira Regional Office of the National Training Service (SENA)

Abstract

Academic dropout rates in technical and technological training represent a structural challenge for the Guajira Regional SENA, due to the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the territory. This article analyzes the main psychosocial and family determinants that influence apprentices' dropout rates, considering variables such as family support, intra-family dynamics, personal motivation, emotional well-being, and economic pressure. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, based on a review of scientific literature, institutional documents, and previous studies on student retention. The results show that the absence of family support networks, economic difficulties, and the lack of psychosocial support have a significant impact on academic continuity. It is concluded that dropout requires a comprehensive approach that articulates institutional strategies, psychosocial support, and the strengthening of the family-institution bond to ensure sustainable educational trajectories in contexts of high social vulnerability.