Informador Técnico
ISSN: 2256-5035 (Electrónico)
ISSN: 0122-056X (Impreso)
Formato: Electrónico / Acceso Abierto
Frecuencia: Números Semestrales
Revisión por Pares: Doble Ciego
Palabras clave
carrot
extraction
green solvent
yield
Daucus carota L.
β-carotene
natural colorant extracción
solvente verde
rendimiento
zanahoria
Daucus carota L.
β-caroteno
colorante natural
extraction
green solvent
yield
Daucus carota L.
β-carotene
natural colorant extracción
solvente verde
rendimiento
zanahoria
Daucus carota L.
β-caroteno
colorante natural
Cómo citar
Otálora-Orrego, D., & Martin G., D. A. (2020). Técnicas emergentes de extracción de β-caroteno para la valorización de subproductos agroindustriales de la zanahoria (Daucus carota L.): una revisión. Informador Técnico, 85(1), 83–106. https://doi.org/10.23850/22565035.2857
Resumen
El objetivo de la presente revisión es reunir, contrastar y analizar algunas de las técnicas convencionales y no convencionales de extracción de β-caroteno a partir de la zanahoria (Daucus carota L.), a través de un análisis bibliométrico de estudios e investigaciones recientes, en los que confluyen numerosas técnicas, parámetros y hallazgos. Asimismo, establecer las posibles contribuciones de la extracción con solventes verdes para estos procesos, permitiendo su aplicabilidad a escala industrial para el aprovechamiento de los subproductos agroindustriales de este vegetal. La zanahoria es rica en carotenoides, en especial β-caroteno, fuente de provitamina A, utilizada como colorante natural en la industria de alimentos y farmacéutica. La extracción asistida con microondas (MAE por su sigla en inglés), con enzimas (EAE por su sigla en inglés) y en fluidos supercríticos (SFE por su sigla en inglés), han sido evaluadas en la zanahoria y comparadas con las técnicas convencionales de extracción (CSE por su sigla en inglés), encontrando rendimientos y eficiencias similares e incluso superiores. Sin embargo, la extracción asistida con ultrasonido (UAE por su sigla en inglés), muestra resultados satisfactorios y considerablemente mayores (157,0 mg b-caroteno/100 g base seca). Se requieren estudios posteriores para optimizar las condiciones y los parámetros de extracción, y evaluar las condiciones de conservación de la materia prima y del extracto final que aseguren una mayor estabilidad del producto y, por ende, un rendimiento de extracción superior, al igual que considerar alternativas verdes de extracción para reducir el impacto ambiental.
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