Abstract
With the approval and release of the biotechnological cotton during 2002 inColombia, a series of questions have been generated about the appropriatenessor not of its incorporation in tropical agricultural systems. Among all the concerns that genetically modified crops (GMC) may arise are: (i) The possible impact onthe technology’s non target organisms (parasitoids, predators, pollinators). (ii) loss of susceptibility under field conditions of the pest populations, target of the different technologies commercially released in Colombia. The introduction, release and marketing of these crops in Colombia, are marked in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety as an international instrument regulating living modified organisms (LMO) resulting from modern biotechnology. With the purpose of responding to concerns related with the susceptibility of the pests, target of the different technologies in Colombia, the National Biosafety Technical Committee, considered to be a high priority to establish a susceptibility monitoring program to “Cry” and “Vip” proteins. The information over the impact of GMC on pests target of Colombian technology can be instantiated with studies on Spodoptera frugiperda that indicate the sub-lethal effects as an indirect effect of the material consumption that express Biotechnological Insecticidal proteins. The studies involve parameters such as: (i) percentage of weight compared with the control, (ii) demographic parameters among others. Aspects that have led to the sub-lethal effects as a consequence of antibiotic mechanism of GMC.
Para citar este artículo
Rodríguez, J. (2014). Cultivos biotecnológicos en el marco de la bioseguridad. Revista colombiana de investigaciones agroindustriales, 1(1), 94-102. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23850/24220582.120
References
Agency. U. E. P. (2001). Biopesticides registration action document: Bacillus thuringiensis plant-incorporated protectants: US Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC.
Agro-bio. (2014). Asociación de Biotecnología Vegetal Agrícola 2014, Recuperado de: www.agrobio.org
Ali, M. I. & Luttrell, R. G. (2007). Susceptibility of Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry2Ab2 Insecticidal Protein. Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, 921-931.
Altieri, M. & Rosset, P. (1999). Ten reasons why biotechnology will not ensure food security, protect the environment and reduce poverty in the developing world. Oakland, CA.
Andow, D. A., Olson, D. M., Hellmich, R. L., Alstad, D. N. & Hutchison, W. D. (2000). Frequency of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab in an Iowa population of European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 93(1), 26-30.
Areal, F. J. & Riesgo, L. (2015). Probability functions to build composite indicators: A methodology to measure environmental impacts of genetically modified crops. Ecological Indicators, 52, 498-516. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.01.008
Armstrong, C., Parker, G., Pershing, J., Brown, S., Sanders, P., Duncan, D. & Hart, J. (1995). Field evaluation of European corn borer control in progeny of 173 transgenic corn events expressing an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. Crop Science, 35(2), 550.
Betz, F., Hammond, B. & Fuchs, R. (2000). Safety and advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis-rotected plants to control insect pests. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 32(2): 156-173.
Cantelo, W., Douglass, L., Sanford, L., Sinden, S. & Deahl, K. (1987). Measuring resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in potato. Journal of Entomological Science, 22, 1-7.
Cardona, C. & Mesa, N. C. (2011). Resistencia varietal a insectos. Cali, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira.
Carey, J. R. (1993). Applied demography for biologists: with special emphasis on insects. USA: Oxford University Press.
Carriere, Y., Crowder, D. W. & Tabashnik, B. E. (2010). Evolutionary ecology of insect adaptation to Bt crops. Evolutionary Applications, 3(5‐6), 561-573.
Carrière, Y., Ellers-Kirk, C., Sisterson, M., Antilla, L., Whitlow, M., Dennehy, T. J. & Tabashnik, B. E. (2003). Long-term regional suppression of pink bollworm by Bacillus thuringiensis cotton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100(4), 1519-1523.
Council, N. R. (1986). Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management.
Downes, S., Parker, T. L. & Mahon, R. J. (2009). Frequency of Alleles Conferring Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in Australian Populations of Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) From 2002 to 2006. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102(2), 733-742.
Fernandez-Cornejo, J. & McBride, W. D. (2000).Genetically engineered crops for pest management in US agriculture: farm-
level effects (Vol. 786): US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
Gould, F. (1998). Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: integrating pest genetics and ecology. Annual Review of Entomology, 43(1), 701-726.
Gould, F., et al. (1997). Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Heliothis virescens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94(8), 3519-3523. doi: 13675 [pmcid]
Huang, F. N., Parker, R., Leonard, R., Yong, Y. L. & Liu, J. (2009). Frequency of resistance alleles to Bacillus thuringiensis-corn in Texas populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Crop Protection, 28(2), 174-180.
Huang, J., Hu, R., Pray, C., Qiao, F. & Rozelle, S.(2003). Biotechnology as an alternative to chemical pesticides: a case study of Bt cotton in China. Agricultural Economics, 29(1), 55-67.
James, C. (2010). A global overview of biotech (GM) crops: adoption, impact and future prospects. GM Crops, 1(1), 8-12.
James, C. (2014). Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM crops. ISAAA Brief No. 46. ISAAA. Ithaca, NY: Brief.
Janssen, A. & Sabelis, M. (1992). Phytoseiid life-histories, local predator-prey dynamics, and strategies for control of tetranychid mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 14(3), 233-250.
Klümper, W. & Qaim, M. (2014). A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops. PLoS ONE, 9(11), 111-629.
Lewis, W., Van Lenteren, J., Phatak, S. & Tumlinson, J. (1997). A total system approach to sustainable pest management. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94(23),122-43.
Macrae, T. et al. (2005).Laboratory and field evaluations of transgenic soybean exhibiting high-dose expression of a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis cry1A gene for control of Lepidoptera. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(2), 577-587.
Manuwoto, S. & Scriber, J. M. (1982). Consumption and utilization of three maize genotypes by the southern armyworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 75(2), 163-167.
Miklos, J. A. et al. (2007). Characterization of soybean exhibiting high expression of a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis cry1A transgene that confers a high degree of resistance to lepidopteran pests. Crop Science, 47(1), 148-157. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0463
Montandon, R., Stipanovic, R., Williams, H., Sterling, W., y Vinson, S. (1987). Nutritional indices and excretion of gossypol by Alabama argillacea (Hubner) and Heliothis virescens (F.)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed glanded and glandless cotyledonary cotton leaves. Journal of Economic Entomology, 80(1), 32-36.
Mulrooney, J., Parrott, W. & Jenkins, J. (1985).Nutritional indices of second-instar tobacco budworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed different cotton strains. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78(4), 757-761.
Obrist, L., Dutton, A., Romeis, J. & Bigler, F. (2006).Biological activity of Cry1Ab toxin expressed by Bt maize following ingestion by herbivorous arthropods and exposure of the predator Chrysoperla carnea. BioControl, 51(1), 31-48.
Perlak, F. et al. (2001). Development and commercial use of Bollgard® cotton in the USA-early promises versus today’s reality. The Plant Journal, 27(6), 489-501.
Pilcher, C. & Rice, M. (2003). Economic analysis of planting dates to manage European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with Bt corn. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(3), 941-949.
Pray, C. E., Huang, J., Hu, R. & Rozelle, S. (2002). Five years of Bt cotton in China–the benefits continue. The Plant Journal, 31(4), 423-430.
Reynolds, G., Smith, C. & Kester, K. (1984). Reductions in Consumption., Utilization, and Growth Rate of Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Fed Foliage of Soybean Genotype PI 227687. Journal of Economic Entomology, 77(6), 1371-1375.
Rodriguez, C. J. y Valencia, J. S. (2013). Monitoreo de efctos sub-letales de proteínas Cry sobre poblaciones de campo de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en Colombia. Paper presented at the XL Congreso Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología, Bogotá, D. C.
Roush, R. T. & Miller, G. (1986). Considerations for design of insecticide resistance monitoringprograms. Journal of Economic Entomology, 79(2), 293-298.
Saxena, K. (1969). Patterns of insect-plant relationships determining susceptibility or resistance of different plants to an insect. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 12(5), 751-766.
Saxena, K., Gandhi, J. & Saxena, R. (1974). Patterns ofrelationship between certain leafhoppers and plants. I. Responses to plants. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 17(2), 303-318.
Saxena, R. C. & Pathak, M. D. (1977). Factors affecting resistance of rice varieties to the brown planthopper N. lugens, paper presented at the 8th Conf. Pest Control Council Philipp., Bacolod City, Philippines, 18-20 May.
Shelton, A., Zhao, J. & Roush, R. (2002). Economic, Ecological, Food Safety, and Social Consequences Of The Development Of Btt Ransgenic Plants. Annual Review of Entomology, 47(1), 845-881.
Siegfried, B. D., Spencer, T., Crespo, A. L., Storer,N. P., Head, G. P., Head, G. P. & Guyer, D. (2007). Ten Years of Bt Resistance Monitoring in the European Corn Borer:. American Entomologist, 53(4), 208-214.
Silveira, N. S., Nakano, O., Barbin, D. & Villa Nova, N. (1976). Manual de ecologia dos insetos. Manual de ecologia dos insetos. Piracicaba: Editora Ceres.
Siqueira, H. A. A., Moellenbeck, D., Spencer, T. & Siegfried, B. D. (2004). Cross-resistance of CrylAb-selected Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis deltaendotoxins. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(3), 1049-1057.
Smith, C. M. & Clement, S. L. (2012). Molecular Bases of Plant Resistance to Arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology, 57(1), 309-328.
Tabashnik, B. E. (1989). Managing resistance with multiple pesticide tactics: theory, evidence,and recommendations. J Econ Entomol, 82(5), 1263-1269.
Tabashnik, B. E. (1994). Evolution of Resistance to Bacillus Thuringiensis. Annual Review of Entomology, 39(1), 47-79. doi: doi:10.1146/annurev.en.39.010194.000403
Tabashnik, B. E. & Carrière, Y. (2009). Insect resistance to genetically modified crops. Wallingford: CABI.
Tabashnik, B. E., Finson, N., Groeters, F. R., Moar,W. J., Johnson, M. W., Luo, K. & Adang, M. J. (1994). Reversal of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Plutella xylostella. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91(10), 4120-4124.
Tabashnik, B. E., Gassman, A. J., Crowder, D. W. & Carrière, Y. (2008). Field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins. Nature Biotechnology, 26(10), 1074-1076.
Tabashnik, B. E., Gassmann, A. J., Crowder, D. W. & Carriere, Y. (2008). Insect resistance to Bt crops: evidence versus theory. Nature Biotechnology, 26(2), 199-202. doi: 10.1038/nbt1382
Tabashnik, B. E., Mota-Sanchez, D., Whalon, M. E., Hollingworth, R. M. & Carrière, Y. (2014). Defining terms for proactive management of resistance to Bt crops and pesticides. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(2), 496-507.
Tabashnik, B. E., Patin, A. L., Dennehy, T. J., Liu, Y. B., Carriere, Y., Sims, M. A. & Antilla, L. (2000). Frequency of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in field populations of pink bollworm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(24), 12980-12984. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.24.12980
Tabashnik, B. E., Van Rensburg, J. B. & Carriere, Y. (2009). Field-evolved insect resistance to Bt crops: definition, theory, and data. J Econ Entomol, 102(6), 2011-2025.
Trichilo, P. J. & Leigh, T. F. (1985). The use of life tables to assess varietal resistance of cotton to spider mites. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 39(1), 27-33.
Valencia, C. y Jimena, S. (2013). Efecto de las tecnologías Bollgard® y Bollgard II® de variedades genéticamente modificadas (GM) de algodón sobre larvas y adultos del falso bellotero Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Valencia, S. J., Rodríguez, C. J. & Mesa, N. C.(2014). Efecto de variedades de algodón genéticamente modificadas sobre larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Acta Agronómica, 63(1), 63 - 70
Venette, R. C., Hutchison, W. & Andow, D. (2000). An in-field screen for early detection and monitoring of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic crops. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93(4), 1055-1064.
Visser, J. (1983). Differential sensory perceptions of plant compounds by insects. Paper presented at the Symposium Series No. 208 Plant Resistance to Insects. American Chemical Societ, Washington.
Williams, W. P., Buckley, P. M., Sagers, J. B. & Hanten, J. A. (1998). Evaluation of transgenic corn forresistance to corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), fall armyworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae), and southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in a laboratory bioassay. Journal of agricultural entomology (USA).
Wu, K.-M., Lu, Y.-H., Feng, H.-Q., Jiang, Y.-Y. & Zhao, J.-Z. (2008). Suppression of cotton bollworm in multiple crops in China in areas with Bttoxin–containing cotton. Science, 321(5896),1676-1678.
Zenner De Polania, I. Z., Álvarez, R. J. A., Mejía, C. R. & Bayona, R. M. A. (2005). Influencia de la toxina Cry1Ac del Bacillus thuringiensis sobre el desarrollo del cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith). Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 8 (2), 129-139.