Keywords
biocontrol agent
phytopathogen
mycotoxins
crops
Trichoderma
Fusarium agente de biocontrol
fitopatógeno
micotoxinas
cultivos
Trichoderma
Fusarium
phytopathogen
mycotoxins
crops
Trichoderma
Fusarium agente de biocontrol
fitopatógeno
micotoxinas
cultivos
Trichoderma
Fusarium
How to Cite
Corallo Fabiano, A. B., Bettucci Rossi, L. J., & Tiscornia Córdoba, S. M. (2021). Trichoderma strains selection for biological control of Fusarium nygamai in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Revista Colombiana De Investigaciones Agroindustriales, 8(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.23850/24220582.4064
Abstract
Uno de los principales problemas que afectan el cultivo de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) en Uruguay es la enfermedad ocasionada por Fusarium nygamai, responsable de pérdidas en el rendimiento en los cultivos. Además, es capaz de producir micotoxinas como fumonicina, moniliformina y beauvericina, lo que constituye un riesgo para la alimentación animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar cepas de Trichoderma spp., con potencial de control de F. nygamai en sorgo. Se identificaron dos cepas de Trichoderma asperellum, cinco cepas de Trichoderma atroviride, dos cepas de Trichoderma virens, una cepa de Trichoderma longibrachiatum y dos cepas de Trichoderma sp. aisladas de suelo en plantaciones comerciales de sorgo. Se realizaron cultivos duales y evaluación de metabolitos volátiles in vitro para seleccionar las cepas con la mayor actividad antagonista contra F. nygamai. Las cepas de Trichoderma spp. seleccionadas se evaluaron en ensayos de protección vegetal en plántulas de sorgo inoculadas con F. nygamai. T. asperellum (T6) y T. atroviride (T21) fueron antagonistas efectivos de F. nygamai. Todas las plántulas de sorgo inoculadas con F. nygamai mostraron síntomas de la enfermedad, mientras que el 50% de las plántulas inoculadas con F. nygamai pero tratadas con T. asperellum (T6) permanecieron sanas, recuperando la cepa de los tejidos internos de la raíz, el tallo y las hojas. Estos resultados son promisorios para el desarrollo de una formulación comercial de tratamiento de semillas para el control de F. nygamai en cultivos de sorgo.
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